Acting White, by Stuart Buck - 724 Words

Acting white by Stuart buck and race relations light years from earth by mitu sergupta both use a form of racism and classism to express a similar theme to convey their message effectively. Acting white begins with the author explaining how most minorities are discouraged about furthering their education because of negative prejudice remarks from their peers. The conflict at hand was that desegregation introduced inequality in the schools where most of their teachers were white. With this being said their racial backgrounds caused education to be unequal. During this time, whites were viewed as the oppressors, and slave-owners. In everybody’s eyes whites were always superior to the blacks. Looking back at the historical record, the Jim Crow era introduced many cases of racial inequality. This goes to say, the author in Race relations light years from earth explains how deep racial allegation has changed over time. In this passage the author believes that racism is deeper than slavery, it has evolved to our modern day movies such as Avatar. Mitu goes into dept of how whites are more dominant in avatar than the blacks. The movie portrays many ethnic heroic roles defending the Navi. Many believe the navi are African Americans due to their braids and resemblance to color. Some may question the film but Avatar is a racist film. In other words the white messiah came into play when discussing the film. The author’s conflict at hand is that racism has yet to stop in today’sShow MoreRelatedRace: Floating Signifier1549 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis Response: Biology, Race, and Floating Signifiers In the video, Race: The Floating Signifier, Stuart Hall counters the thought that race is connected with the biological aspect. Rather than considering race as due to the biological make up of an individual, it is a collection of characteristics brought together that forms one s race. That is how Stuart Hall views race, as a floating signifier, something that is ever changing and not static. This paper will discuss the troubles of usingRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Black Children Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pagesaccused of voter fraud, and schools are inferential racist. As sserted in â€Å"Actin’ White† author Stuart Buck tackles the pros and cons of desegregating the school system. Buck expresses how the lack of representation in high level school officials can affect black children negatively. By highlighting stereotypes throughout the media, Omi addresses how â€Å"inferential racism† is seen throughout daily â€Å"intuitional life† which Buck stre ngthens in his article when he confronts the negative repercussions of desegregationRead MoreMedia s Effect On Black Children Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesvoter fraud, and schools are â€Å"inferential racist†. As mentioned in â€Å"Actin’ White† author Stuart Buck tackles the pros and cons of desegregating the school system. Buck expresses how the lack of representation in high level school officials can affect black children negatively. By highlighting racial stereotypes throughout the media, Omi address how â€Å"inferential racism† is seen throughout daily â€Å"intuitional life† which Buck strengthens in his article when he confronts the negative repercussions ofRead MoreThe Effects of Experiencing the Acting White Accusation1600 Words   |  6 PagesStuart Buck proclaims in his introduction that there are a vast majority of Black students who (after desegregation) are acting white. What Stuart means by the term acting white is that Black students who seek after educational excellence are mimicking the efforts of white children who often times are considered to be more likely to get good grades, be studious, or work hard at educational endeavors. These efforts at excelling in school or gaining a good education are often viewed by the BlackRead MoreAn Analysis of Acting White: The Ironic Legacy of Desegregation1926 Words   |  8 Pages I. Acting White A. Introductory paragraph 1. Stuarts conception of acting white is defined. a. This term is used by African American students who view other African American students excelling in academics as acting white. B. First supporting paragraph 1. The negative effects of desegregation was the conception of acting white. a. The quotation from Sohn reaffirms the perception of acting white. C. Second supporting paragraph 1. There is a scoring gap between blacks and whites. a.Read MoreAnalysis Of Animal Subjects Of The Graphic Novel 1158 Words   |  5 Pagesin children’s literature. Take Stuart Little by E.B. White as an example. The children’s book was created into a movie, but the focus is specifically on the book. Throughout E.B. White’s book, Stuart acts in animal and human ways. He is raised as the son of two human parents, drives a small car, and patriciates in a sailboat race of all things. But like a normal mouse he has issues with the family cat (a stereotype), and befriends other animals, and has trouble acting like a human because of his sizeRead More4g Communication22481 Words   |  90 Pagesto support every facet, including the server, storage, network, and virtualization technology that drives cloud computing environments to the software that runs in virtual appliances that can be used to assemble applications in minimal time. This white paper discusses how cloud computing transforms the way we design, build, and deliver applications, and the architectural considerations that enterprises must make when adopting and using cloud computing technology. Keywords- API- Application programmingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesthe pros and cons, or should I stop and act now?† The less time available, the more rational it becomes to be reactive and to act on intuitions or ‘gut instinct.’ 10 ────CONCEPT CHECK──── Ramones friend says, Ramone, look at those two white guys on the other side of the street. They look friendly. The blond guy with him looks like he would rip your lungs out just to see what would happen. The other one is just as fierce, and hes carrying the radio I lost yesterday; its got my stickerRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesAM–Kingsville University; Dale V. Steinmann, San Francisco State University; Randall Stross, San Jose State University; George Sutija, Florida International University; Katheryn H. Ward, Chicago State University; Aimee Wheaton, Regis College; Marion M. White, James Madison University; Corinne Young, University of Tampa; and Anatoly Zhuplev, Loyola Marymount University. Preface ix Finally, thanks to the team at McGraw-Hill who worked on this book: Paul Ducham, Editorial Director; Laura Spell,Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLaSalle University John Shaw, Mississippi State University John Sherlock, Western Carolina University Daniel Sherman, University of Alabama, Huntsville Heather Shields, Texas Tech University Ted Shore, California State University at Long Beach Stuart Sidle, University of New Haven Bret Simmons, University of Nevada Reno Randy Sleeth, Virginia Commonwealth University William Smith, Emporia State University Kenneth Solano, Northeastern University Shane Spiller, Morehead State University Lynda St

Critically Examining And Understanding Difference

Your paper should cover the following: Critically examining and understanding difference Demographics and key features of the particular group in Australian society (What information do I need to know about this group?) Historical and current day perspectives, policies and practices affecting this group (What has changed over the years in relation to this group? What are key contemporary issues?) Central beliefs, views and perspectives (if relevant) (What are the key characteristics, i.e., what differentiates this group from others?) Potential issues of contention or challenges for this group in relation to Australian systems (What are the major issues faced in terms of for example, health, welfare, education, housing, law, income support?), and perceptions of responsibility and obligation (such as the role of the government and human services practice) in relation to this group. Working across difference Key theoretical frameworks/approaches and research for working/intervening or engaging with this group – cover specific and relevant theoretical frameworks/ approaches to this group. You need to cover what knowledge and skills you would employ (this could cover engagement, relationship building, particular interventions etc, for example, you could employ a strenghts-based approach). Implications for policy, resourcing and practice (What needs improving or challenging in the current context?) Personal and professional challenges for you as a human services or social workerShow MoreRelatedI Am Lifelong Learners Who Can Think Critically And Who Have Strong Ethics And Morals970 Words   |  4 Pageswe equip students to enter into a society where they will be bombarded with information, not all of which is true? I believe that the answer is to inspire students to be lifelong learners who can think critically and who have strong ethics and morals. If students are encouraged to think critically about new information before they incorporate their new knowledge into their sense of values, then they will be more prepared to live in the age of information. I strongly believe that people createRead MoreI Am A Student In The Master Of Divinity Program At Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary,1325 Words   |  6 Pageshas broadened my whole understanding of the Church and God, and has established a desire to further explore theology in the academy. Therefore, I am applying to the Master of Theological Studies program, with a desire to focus on Theology and Ethics. I am seeking admission into this program to further my growth as a scholar and researcher of theology in the context of western media. Studying theology and social ethics at Garett-Evangelical has broadened my understanding of ethics relative to theologyRead MoreLeadership Style And Leadership Theory807 Words   |  4 Pagesarticles and report results from research conducted on traits, skills, and characters relationships to leadership and followers. The paper discusses the common themes and conclusions addressed in all studies. The articles penned with the intention of examining the impact leadership style and leadership theory in areas such as individual identity, culture, and worldview. Mahdi, Mohd, and Almsafir (2014) argue there is a significantly strong relationship between the leadership behavior and organizationalRead MoreInvestigating The Changing Patterns Of Political And Social Organization Of Southern Africa During The 19th Century1437 Words   |  6 Pagessouthern African cultures. The research analysis will also help some other students or archaeologists who also have interest in researching in a pro ject similar to this one, like researching in how they traded with other states. This will help by examining the artifact that will be excavated in the field work. The area that we are going to work in is great Zimbabwe and Kwazulu Natal in South Africa. We plan to conduct a survey to the people near our working site, after that, excavate the working siteRead MoreSocial Exchange Theory And Division Of Household Labor Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesgender is taken out of the equation. In order to generate more understanding concerning the power imbalances of same-sex couples, Sutphin (2010) chose to employ the theoretical framework of social exchange theory to guide her study of the division of household labor in same-sex couples, a decision Knapp (2009) would have lauded as â€Å"critical theorizing.† Such integration of theory in research provides context and organization to the understanding of human behavior. This review intends to analyze the author’sRead MorePosi tivism And Paradigmatic Approaches979 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent ways in which knowledge is socially collected and analyzed. Now, each paradigmatic approach comprises of unique traits, some which are similar to each one another and others that are exclusive to a specific approach. These similarities and differences will be examined below. To begin, the main approach used in qualitative research is positivism. The Positivism Approach is rooted in philosophy and used to pursue casual explanations by generating questions as hypotheses, otherwise known asRead MoreIs Cancer A Second Biggest Killer Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Australians?1750 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscursive framing of cultural difference in the health professional accounts of providing cancer care to Aboriginal People† is the title of a Peer-Reviewed journal article written by authors Newman et al.,. The main aim of this journal is to address the gap between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals by taking a discourse approach to understanding how health professionals think and talk about the cancer care needs and experiences of Aboriginal Australians. Therefore, I will critically analyze the study alongRead MorePhil2013340 Words   |  14 Pagesto study philosophy? We begin, in true philosophic fashion, by examining the question itself: w hat do mean by philosophy being important and we introduce the idea of the philosophic mindset. We then examine 5 reasons why it is important for all persons to adopt the philosophic mindset. We will end by providing an overview of the different branches of philosophy. Tasks Read and take notes from chapter 2 of Philosophy: Critically Thinking about Foundational Beliefs, â€Å"Why is Philosophy ImportantRead MoreCritical Thinking Is A Natural Process1593 Words   |  7 Pagesself-assessment. It is therefore a fundamental skill in the workplace for project managers as it can help deal with daily questions that arise as well as evaluate people, policies and institutions to ultimately avoid problems. This essay will critically examine several models and theories of critical thinking addressing views and definitions from various scholars and philosophers. In addition it will be shown that critical thinking is indeed relevant in professional practice in particular its significanceRead MoreMulticultural Counseling Is The Hour Of The Need1204 Words   |  5 Pagesmulticultural-centric courses (Sue et al, 1992). There are several approaches to multicultural counseling. This paper would focus on the Three Factor Model for multicultural counseling and would delve into the model discussing its various aspects, also examining it critically. The three factors that the model takes into account are cultural identity, development stage and adjustment to disability. Sue et al. (1982) pioneered this approach and thus set the basis of multicultural counseling competency. The model

Hamlet as a Tragic Hero Free Essays

As we know, there are different types of tragedies; Aristotle spoke about a certain type which involves what was once called Peripeteia, Hamartia and Anagnorisis. He said a tragedy is characterized by a tragic hero or heroine who experiences a change or reversal in fortune (peripeteia) which is caused by a personal flaw or mistake (hamartia). The downfall of the hero in a tragedy should not be, however, caused by an external force such as a higher power, whether in the form of gods, fate or even society; it should be the result of an action—or lack of action—carried out by the hero. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet as a Tragic Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, the hero must achieve a kind of revelation or recognition (anagnorisis) about destiny or the will of the gods, what Aristotle called â€Å"a change from ignorance to awareness of a bond of love or hate. † These are all characteristics that make an ideal Greek tragedy. However, our purpose is to analyze William Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’, a Renaissance tragedy; therefore, the question at hand is, could Hamlet, prince of Denmark, possibly be called and defined as a tragic hero? Our first instinct is to say no, but once we start questioning ourselves and really exploring the character and all that he goes through throughout the play, our answers may change. In ‘Hamlet’ the three defining moments in Greek tragedy mentioned above, if truly present, are intertwined and closely linked together. We will attempt to translate those key aspects present in Aristotle’s description into a completely different type of tragedy such as ?Hamlet’ and see how they would portray themselves in Shakespeare’s words. Afterwards, we will analyze this English writer’s work in terms of the imagery found in the play at hand. We must begin at the core of the play: the apparition of the ghost. Before the ghost of the former king of Denmark, Hamlet senior, makes his appearance, all we know is that Hamlet’s father has passed away, that his uncle has taken the throne and has married his late brother’s wife. Once we hear the ghost’s statement the plot of the play is set in motion; Hamlet goes from ignorance to knowledge—that is, if we choose to believe that there actually is a ghost and that the ghost speaks the truth. The spirit tells the prince of Denmark that he was murdered and by none other than his own brother; we could take this as the prince’s moment of recognition, when, in a way, his whole destiny changes. He now has a new purpose in life, to avenge his father’s death. The bond of love and affection he felt for his uncle is now completely distorted and turned into pure hatred, anger and a thirst for revenge. The next step in our analysis is our ‘tragic hero’s’ change in fortune. As we know, Hamlet’s plan was to get back at his uncle, and in Act III, Scene III he has the perfect opportunity when he walks in on Claudius praying, My fault is past. But O, what form of prayer Can serve my turn? ‘Forgive me my foul murder? ’ That cannot be, since I am still possess’d Of those effects for which I did the murder— My crown, mine own ambition and my queen. May one be pardon’d and retain the offence? Hamlet, however, hesitates and decides not to kill Claudius while in prayer because he would go to heaven, thus his desire for vengeance would not be satisfied. To take him in the purging of his soul, When he is fit and season’d for passage? No. Up, sword, and know thou a more horrid hent. What Hamlet was not aware of was that Claudius was not asking for forgiveness because, as he says, the reasons for which he committed the murder, his ambition and his desire for the crown and the queen, still possess him, therefore he does not regret what he did. My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thoughts never to heaven go. From this point forward everything just goes downhill. Hamlet missed his one shot all because of his lack of action. Here is where we introduce the final piece of our analysis. Hamlet’s tragic flaw could be his indecisiveness on how to proceed and carry out his plans or maybe his procrastination; whatever it is, he made a conscious mistake which made him completely responsible for later events, his death, Laertes’, his mother’s and Ophelia’s. The prince ultimately brought about his own downfall. ‘Hamlet’, as a tragedy, certainly differs from the Greek mold, but it is safe to say that not entirely. I believe Shakespeare’s character could be considered as a sort of tragic hero if we choose to associate events the way we have throughout this paper. Of course, there is no way to determine whether or ot Hamlet truly is a tragic hero such as Aristotle meant to depict them, it is all subjective. In my opinion, the idea is not too overreaching or farfetched; I actually think it is a valid way of analyzing this most interesting character. Our other purpose was to analyze the imagery, and most specifically the nature im agery, found in the play. In ‘Hamlet’, Shakespeare seems to rely on nature (plants, weather, animals, etc. ) a lot to express what the characters are feeling. When it comes to analyzing specifically how he thought of the state and the people of Denmark, one word is key: weeds. The weed is defined as â€Å"A plant considered undesirable, unattractive, or troublesome, especially one growing where it is not wanted, as in a garden. † During the time of late King Hamlet’s rule, Denmark was considered, as prince Hamlet calls it in Act I Scene II, â€Å"an unweeded garden†; however, once Claudius murders his brother the king and takes the crown, his sin, greed and corruption bring decay to the kingdom. â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark† states Marcellus in Act I, Scene IV. The weed is the symbol of death and poison in Denmark. Claudius poisoned Hamlet’s father and is now poisoning everybody else with his deceit. Later on in Act III, Scene IV, while talking to his mother Hamlet says, Whiles rank corruption, mining all within, Infects unseen. Confess yourself to heaven, Repent what’s past, avoid what is to come, And do not spread the compost on the weeds, To make them ranker. He is telling her to open her eyes and realize how her new king is infecting their country; he then asks her not to keep helping him in doing so—not to spread the compost on the weeds anymore. We can say, without a doubt, that throughout the whole play Shakespeare refers to the state of Denmark and its people as if they were a garden. Understanding the nature imagery in ‘Hamlet’ is essential to understanding the true meaning behind the play. Denmark used to be a beautiful, healthy garden until its gardener was poisoned; when there was suddenly a new gardener the earth and the plants started dying and nobody did anything to fix it. The subtle way in which Shakespeare is able to use metaphor and simile over and over again in his works without it getting tedious or discouraging is probably one of the reasons why he is considered the greatest writer in the English language. How to cite Hamlet as a Tragic Hero, Papers

Environmental Assessment of Coal Mining

Question: Write about theEnvironmental Assessment of Coal Mining. Answer: Introduction Coal is one of the important minerals in Australia is majorly mined in New South Wales. The primacy of coal mineral is that it used in electricity supply in Australia and it is also exported to eastern Asia countries. The mining of coal has been criticized in Australia as having a deleterious impact on the environment because of the emissions of carbon dioxide during the combustion process. The courts have also revealed a sustained commitment to enforce the environment rights and protect the society from the harmful effects of environment destruction. The object of exercise of this research is to determine the environmental regulations that guide coal mining in Hunter Valley New South Wales. It will explicate the primary factors that are considered before leave to mine coal is granted. This research will evince a robust application of legal principles derived from legislations and case laws. Environmental Assessment of Coal Mining: Requirements and Public Participation Environmental assessment is inevitable in the coal mining base in New South Wales because of the acute need to mitigate the hazardous environmental impacts. The Minister of Planning is bestowed with a moral imperative of putting the best interest of the environment at heart and be vigilant to protect and preserve it as he considers whether or not consent for mining should be granted (Sec. 74 Petroleum (Onshore) Act 1991 (NSW)). Requirements It is important that before an environmental assessment is conducted an application is sent to the Director-General so that one can receive the environmental assessment requirements required to undertake coal mining in Hunter Valley. Under the old law Major Projects according to Part 3A of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW) include coal mining. The new law repealed Part 3A and introduced State Significant Infrastructure under section 115U (4)) State and Regional Development SEPP 2011. It is instructive to note that coal mining is a state significant project because it has a humongous impact on the environment and the economic and is within the local government of Hunter. Coal mining in Hunter Valley is guided by the fact that significant state development can be done within the government areas of local area of upper hunter. Therefore, the legal assessment requirements for coal mining in Hunter Valley will be based on the standard of coal mining recognized as st ate significant in the repealed law. As a matter of course, mining and extraction activities have been recognized pursuant to the State Environmental Planning Policy (State and Regional Development) (2011 sch. 2) as a state significant project. It is prudent that the person that is making the application to develop a state significant project such as coal mining must be done through an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) (sch.2 Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000). The Minister for Planning shall give consent to any person that seeks to pursue a state significant project such as in the Hunter Valley (Sec. 89D Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 NSW). Before consent is given by the minister for environment in the case of state significant projects one must have an aquaculture permit (Sec. 144 Fisheries Management Act 1993 (NSW). In addition, one must have a mining lease that has in accordance to section 51 Mining Act 1992 (NSW). A mining lease is an indication that one has been has the legal right to undertake the mining process. In the state significant project one must have a license for environment protection as has been envisaged in Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 (NSW) section 43. In case the coal mining activity in Hunter Valley is likely to disrupt public roads one also seek consent form the road authority (sec. 138 Roads Act 1993 (NSW)). An exploration license is also required for the assessment of mining of Coal under Section 29 of the Petroleum (Onshore) Act 1991 (NSW). The development application must contain the total capital investment value that will be required for the development. The application must explain the nature of development that is to be carried out and the extent to which it is going to affect the economy and the environment (sch.1 Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000). The application for development must contain all the authority consents that have been prescribed under section 89K of Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979. Ideally, for coal mining in hunter valley water that sourced from any natural source of water such as river, one should have a water access license (Sec. 60A of the Water Management Act 2000 (NSW)). The proponent is also required to have a assessment lease pursuant to Section 33 of the Petroleum (Onshore) Act 1991 (NSW) which is intended to impose rights on the proponent over the area identified with deposits of coal but it does not give the right to begin the mining. The assessment lease only permits the proponent to conduct a general assessment of the coal (Section 73 of the Mining Act 1992 (NSW)). Public Participation One of central goals of the Environmental Planning and Assessment law in Australia is to promote public participation during planning and assessment of mining activities (Sec. 5 (c) of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW)). Public participation among the community in Hunter Valley will enhance confidence in the public because it promotes transparency and accountability. The ascendancy of public participation in the assessment process is that it ensures the suggestions that are surmised by the public are incorporated into the decision (Innes and Booher, 2000 p.6). Public participation gives the public the opportunity to make propositions of preferences in policies and the planning. There many minority groups in Hunter Valley that that may be forgotten because of the complex government procedures that is undertaken. Public participation therefore ensures that the voice of these minority groups is put into consideration. According to Schedule 1, clause 21(3) of the M ining Act 1992 (NSW) Companies that seeks to mine Coal must serve a notice to the landowners within 21 days after they have made the application for consent. For State significant project, Section 89F of the Environmental Planning and Assessment (Part 3A Repeal) Act 2011 (NSW) requires that mining companies should send the application documents and other vital documents to the public exhibition for a period of 30 days. The Mining Act and the Petroleum (Onshore) Act do not contain an express provision that requires direct notification stakeholders but rather they require that applicants must the put a notice on the newspaper indicating the details of the application. However, in New South Wales direct consultation with stake holders has been encouraged. Pursuant to Section 142 of the Mining Act 1992 (NSW) an access arrangement must be made between the landowners and the people who intend to commence the mining process. If the parties do not arrive at a plausible conclusion an access arrangement may be made through an arbitral process (Part 8, Div. 2 of the Mining Act 1992 (NSW)). Relevant Duties of Decision-makers According to section 87 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) the minister has the duty to ensure that he defines the approach that will adopted in the assessment. The minister has a duty to serve a notice if the decision that has been made on the approach of assessment within 10 days after he has made the decision. Pursuant to section 136 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) before making a decision with regard to the application the minister should take into account economic and social factors, the precepts of ecological sustainable development and any advice that may have ben given by the independent Expert Scientific Committee on Coal Seam Gas and Large Coal Mining Development. It bears noting that according to Tarkine National Coalition Incorporated v Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2013) the minister does not have an obligation to take into account cumulative effects and the failure of it will not be an excuse for obscuring justice. In the case of Phosphate Resources Ltd v Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts (No 2) (2008) it was affirmed that the minister has the duty to ensure that he is guided by the contents of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Under section 79 c of Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW) the decision makers must have the interest of the public while making the decision and must see that the site is suitable for the mining activity. In Kennedy v NSW Minister for Planning (2010) the court held that held that the duty to protect the interest of the aboriginal heritage is an epitome of the public interest duty envisaged by legislation. By dint of section 6 of the Protection of the Environment Administration Act 1991 (NSW) the decision makers have a duty to ensure that the environment New South Wales remains to be one of good quality and sanctioning ecologically sustainable practices. They should ensure that the miming activities undertaken pose less risk to human life within the environment. In a bid to promote the precautionary principle it has been decided in the case of Telstra Corporation Limited v Hornsby Shire Council (2006) that the decision makers have a duty to prevent irreversible damage to the environment as they make an evaluation of the application and prepare to make a decision. It was also noted that alternative options should also be devised to promote effectiveness of the process. Rights of Members of the Public to Appeal Any Consent Pursuant to section 97(1) of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 any individual that is not contended with the determination of the decision making authority has the right to appeal to the Land and Environment Court within 12months after being served with the notice of the consent making authority. A member of the public has the right to appeal to the Land and Environment court if the consent authority has not made a decision 40 days after the days of receipt of the application ( sec. 109k Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979). Conversely, the Land and Environment Court Act 1979 under part 3 has the jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals concerning Environmental planning and protection. A person making such a peal may appear in court in person or may do so through a representative such as an advocate (Sec. 63 Land and Environment Court Act 1979). Conclusion Ideally, it can be argued that public participation promotes justice to the members of the surrounding community because it encourages democracy which is fundamental tenet of good governance. On the other hand, it is imperative to note that the surge in the eminence of climate change has given rise to many environmental regulations of coal mining at the federal, state and international level. The environment assessment is conducted to promote the efficient extraction of coal enhancing checks and balances. References Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) Environmental Planning and Assessment (Part 3A Repeal) Act 2011 (NSW) Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW) Fisheries Management Act 1993 (NSW) Innes, J.E. and Booher, D.E., 2000. Public participation in planning: new strategies for the 21st century. Land and Environment Court Act 1979 Kennedy v NSW Minister for Planning [2010] NSWLEC 129 esd Mining Act 1992 (NSW) Petroleum (Onshore) Act 1991 (NSW) Phosphate Resources Ltd v Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts (No 2) (2008) 162 LGERA 154, Protection of the Environment Administration Act 1991 (NSW) Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 (NSW) Roads Act 1993 (NSW) State Environmental Planning Policy (State and Regional Development) (2011) Tarkine National Coalition Incorporated v Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities [2013] FCA 694 Telstra Corporation Limited v Hornsby Shire Council [2006] NSWLEC 133 Water Management Act 2000 (NSW)

Name __Jack Jenkins____________ Essays - Chemistry, Matter, Nature

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Name __Jack Jenkins____________ Science Hour ______2nd ________ Element Superheroes Element Fact Sheet: | Symbol | Atomic Number | Atomic Mass | |Si |14 |28.0855 | | Number of | Number of | Number of Electrons| |Protons |Neutrons | | | | | | |14 |14 |14 | | Melting | Boiling |State of Matter at | |Point |Point |Room Temp. | | | | | |1414 C |2900 C |Solid | Classification: Nonmetal ? Metal ? Metalloid ( My element belongs to the Carbon group. Origin of name of element. Latin word "Silicis" or "Flint". Discovered by Jons Jacob Berzilius 1824 Key Ideas about the element: 1. Silicon is used to make some types of concrete and bricks. 2. Some iPhone cases are made out of silicon. 3. Power Balance bracelets re made out silicon. They are made from melted down original silicon. 4. Silicon is very important in the electrical industry, Silicon is a semi- conductor. 5. In the future silicon may replace coal as the main source of electricity. Element Superhero Name of Superhero: Silicon Man Superhero Slogan: Just like your friends, Silicon will always be there for you! | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ELEMENT SUPERHEROES RUBRIC SCORING SHEET: NAME: Jack Jenkins SCIENCE: ___2nd _____ 1. ELEMENT FACT SHEET (rough draft): _____/5 PTS 2. ELEMENT FACT SHEET (final) _____/20 PTS 3. DETAILED PICTURE OF SUPERHERO _____/10 PTS (including name, atomic # & atomic mass) 4. SUPERHERO SLOGAN _____/5 PTS 5. OVERALL WRITTEN EXPRESSION (final) _____/5PTS (this includes spelling, grammar, punctuation and neatness) 6. ORAL PRESENTATION _____/5PTS (Were you prepared? Did you paste your rough draft on the back of the picture and use the information during your presentation?) TOTAL: _____/50 PTS **BE SURE TO INCLUDE YOUR NAME, DATE, SUBJECT AND HOUR ON THE BACK SIDE OF YOUR FINAL PRODUCT.

Pee Wee Scouts Thanksgiving essays

Pee Wee Scouts Thanksgiving essays Pee Wee Scouts are a group of kids that do good things On thanksgiving they made baskets for the poor people. So the poor people had somthing to eat on thanksgiving. Now isn't that nice. When they were filling the baskets they found a unlabled can. Their teacher Mrs. Petters told them to put one unlabled can in each basket. She also said "They will suprsed what is in the can". They visit a turkey farm and Sonny went to cry because he wanted a pet turkey. So he cryed and cryed until he gets the turkey he wants. It's name is Tiger. Mrs. Petters tell them they are going to do a play. About pilgrims and Indains. With the mayor wachting them. They do the play and Rachel tells everyone she won't forget her part.Molly told Rachel she would not remeber her line.When it was time for Rachel to say her part she didn't remeber her line. So Molly helped Rachel say her line. Molly said her line great. Sonny has to bring Tiger back to the farm were Tigers firends live. "He was lonley anyway". said Sonny. ...

2 Discussions manage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2 Discussions manage - Essay Example There is a direct supervision of employees who work on projects determined by managers – there is little independence and individual performance is recognized and highly rewarded. Examples of how such a system helps to manage employees and their responsibilities include: provision of knowledge and skills, motivating employees to perform better, encouraging hard work, and building trust and loyalty. Workplace diversity is important to company’s culture and performance because it encourages teamwork. Secondly, it brings together different ideas, knowledge and skills that may be used to improve the performance and productivity of the company (Mondy et al, 2005). Thirdly, workplace diversity enables employees to share different beliefs and attitudes and learn to appreciate other people’s opinions and ideas. My coworker motivated me to perform better for the organization when he confessed to me one day that he had been trying to report to work earlier than me because I used to report to work earlier than anyone else. Therefore, the coworker inspired me by recognizing my efforts. From then on we were the first to report to work and we performed better than ever

Home work communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Home work communication - Assignment Example Whereas parent-child attachment may have been developed during the child’s babyhood, this bond is likely to be tested as the child develops his or her own personality. These are, in many ways, bigger problems than the difference in race between the parent and adopted child (Fisher, 2003). With trans-racial adoption, there may be extra issues that the adoptive parent is often encouraged to deal with in his or her children of a different race. According to a research that sought to understand how cultural identity is reinforced by the adoptive parents of foster children of a different race, participants stated that it is quite common for strangers to ask odd questions about the true heritage of the child (Herd, 2012). While there are strangers who will comment positively on the rich mix in a multicultural family, there are others who will make unbecoming remarks. According to the study documented by Herd, there are different strategies with which adoptive parents can respond to uncalled for remarks. For instance, they can change the subject, inquire as to the intention of the stranger, or simply educate him or her on how adoption works. It is also important to realize that trans-racially adopted children do not have the opportunity to learn about their birth cultures by watching their adopted parents in daily life. This means that adoptive parents with children of a different race should seek for opportunities in which their children can be party to positive or constructive events during which people of their own ethnic background are portrayed positively. According to the research participants in the study documented by Herd, adopted children can learn about the special attributes of their personhood by being exposed to people of their birth race in positive ways (Herd, 2012). For instance, Caucasian parents who were part of this study often took their African American children to salons where they had a chance to learn how best to manage African American hair. This experience not only reinforced positive aspects of the African American experience for the children, but also helped in building their relationships with their adoptive parents. Once this trust is established, the children involved in trans-racial adoptions, among other types of adoptions, will trust what their adoptive parents say and how they teach them about the world’s attitude towards their unique family. According to a research conducted by the Eva B. Donaldson Adoption Institute, â€Å"trans-racial adoption is not responsible for the development of social or psychological maladjustment issues in adopted children; rather, these children, like all other adopted children and their parents face assorted challenges, and the way in which the parents respond to the problems hinders or facilitates the children's progressive development (VanderMolen, 2005). According to the participants in this study, the issue of adoptive identity challenges all children regardles s of race. It is common for adopted children, for instance, to downplay the adoption issue when in school because they want to fit in and not seem odd. However, inside, they have to deal with fears such as losing their adoptive parents and questions about why their real parents gave them up. There are many advantages to adopting children from a different race (Woolf, 2006). Psychological research studies have established that trans-racially adopted children tend to deal with

Understanding and Teaching the Jewish Life Assignment

Understanding and Teaching the Jewish Life - Assignment Example This is why in this unit; the teacher will emphasize the importance of life events among the Jewish people. Judaism does not recognize these events as passages that are ordinary to normal human life. They are all considered extraordinary, therefore, given extraordinary methods of commemoration and remembrance (Marcus, 2013). Each lesson will take50 minutes. In order to understand one of the Jewish life cycle events, it is important to discuss what life cycle events are. This lesson will introduce the unit by first defining life cycle events, and discussing with the students to ensure that they understand. From then I can introduce the Jewish life cycle events and discuss briefly. Give a take home assignment to enhance understanding. All students are to ask their parents or guardians about any life cycle event that they may know, and the student note two or more activities that are associated with it. The delivery of a child is a wonderful event. The Jewish believe in the bible command that says, they should be â€Å"fruitful and settle the world† (Wein, 2003, p. 13). When a child is born into the world, the Jewish are happy because it is a fulfillment to God’s command. Because of this command, the Jewish have a general rule that seeing children and welcoming children to the world is a blessing. The birth of a Jewish is a national joy as well as personal satisfaction. From the knowledge of the birth of a child as a national joy and personal satisfaction, the teacher can deduce the reasons why a child is valued among the Jews. These reasons are described below, and these can be classified as personal or communal. A child is valued because: Inherent in the link are thousands of years of beliefs, practices, traditions, and a sense of humanity, which the Jewish belief and know, that it is a mission and privilege to carry. The newborn carries hope of bearing the Jewish heritage. The teacher should

Ryanair British Airways | Fare comparison

Ryanair British Airways | Fare comparison Introduction This document reports the findings of a review of the economics and business literature on empirically-estimated own-price elasticity of demand for air travel for Ryan air and British Airways. It refers to the data on page two of the assignment handout to both above airlines to illustrate and explain the concepts of price elasticity of demand and income elasticity of demand. The purpose of this study is to report on all or most of the economics and business literature dealing with empirically approximate demand functions for air travel and to collect a range of fare elasticity measures for air travel provide in the data on the second page of the assignment topic and provide some judgment as to which elasticity values would be more representative of the true values to be found in different airline such as Ryan air and British airways, furthermore will evaluate the achievement of cost savings of Ryan air through fixed costs and variable costs as well as writing a critical analysis the article on BAA Airports: ‘Notice of release of interim undertaking 1. Price Elasticity of Demand and Income elasticity of demand in the context of air travel demand: (Ryan air British Airways) This paragraph identifies two distinct prices for air travel which are price elasticity of demand and income elasticity of demand. Specifically, it is observed that studies of the demand for air travel demand should distinguish among prices for: Low cost carrier (LCC) example of Ryanair and Full Service Carrier (FSCs) example of British Airways in this case study; business and leisure travel; long-haul and short-haul travel; and international and European long-haul travel. Accordingly, to examine the sensitivity of the demand for air travel to its price, separate estimates of the price elasticity of demand are gathered for each of these two distinct markets. Price Elasticity of Demand ‘Price Elasticity of Demand is a numerical value which describes the degree of responsiveness of demand to changes in prices. (Andrew, D. 1988: 260) The demand for a particular good or service depends on a variety of factors. Key influences include, the levels of consumer income, the price and quality of the services in question and especially services that are close substitutes (Sloman, 2005). In order to obtain useful estimates of the price sensitivity of demand for a product, we must carefully control for all the factors affecting the demand. As a general rule, once other influences on demand stay unchanged, a higher price for a product leads in a lower quantity demanded. However, the price responsiveness of demand varies from one good to another and from one market to another (FitzRoy et al, 1998). Since the availability of alternative modes of transportation that are reasonably close substitutes for air transport diminishes with distance travelled, it is expected that the demand for air transport will be less elastic for longer flights typical example of British airways with is a FSCs than for shorter flights typical example of Ryan air. Determine the demand and for the premium value the demand is low. means that for the different strategies the demand is price strategy, in al produEach price will lead to a different level of demand and therefore have a different impact on a companys marketing objectives. The higher the prices are the lower the demand of the goods (Kotler 2002). British Airways has two types of customers:  · Price sensitive customers (students, independent travelers, frequently travelers) who are looking for the cheapest prices and the best offers, and  · Low sensitive customers (business and executive customers) who are concerned more in the quality than the price. Considering the three different pricing strategies of British Airways the demand curve will be as shown in the figure below. The price demand considers being elastic which means that for the different pricing strategies the demand is noticeable changing. For the low cost price the demand is high and for the premium value the demand is low. 2.3.3 Cost estimation British Airways estimating the cost of the products in relation with the quality its one provide. The cost of the ticket includes:  · The price of the service  · The added value (extras)  · The airport fees, and  · The travel agents extra fees However if someone book a ticket from the internet has at www.britishairways.com has a discount of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤10. 2.3.4 Pricing method Considering the three different types of customer, the three segments, British Airways has set a pricing method of perceived value. Perceived value is the value promised by companys value proposition and the customer must perceive this value. British Airways perceived value is made up by the companys brand mane and image, the customers image, the performance of the company and the quality of the product created by the company. 2.4 Promotional pricing British Airways has set some promotional prices on flights to some special occasion:  · Christmas gift voucher. The promotional offer for the Christmas known as British Airways escape ticket offers a perfect present. Flying to 14 travel zones from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤59 return on UK and Europe destinations and from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤269 return on the rest of the world.  · Domestic and European fares from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤49 return: Low fares to 135 destinations across Europe.  · Club World business class offer: When flying to club world business class you can upgrade to first class on a free one way ticket. 2.5 Relation within the sector The competition has increased since the introduction of the low cost airlines as easy jet and Raynair. Those airlines have achieved to sell chip tickets by eliminating all the unnecessary costs. They eliminated the intermediaries, the on board value and basically they eliminated completely the augmented product. They have concentrated just on the basic product which is the flight ticket from the on destination to the other. They using a low cost low quality pricing strategy and set a market penetration objective in order to gain more market share. The have a method of value pricing of selling their tickets, the basic, in a greater value than their competitors. Other companies with same objectives as British Airways like Lufthansa and Virgin have followed the same pricing strategies and policy. They set different price rates in relation with value added and looking after how to gain a bigger piece of the market pie. 3. Conclusion Considering the increased competition in the flying industry which is rising people expect that companies will reduce cost by providing less quality products. That is partly true considering what easy jet and Raynair has succeeded. However this is only one part of the true. Companies like British Airways fight the competition with different methods like introduction of low cost ticket where customer can still enjoy a good quality product in a low affordable price. Just considering an example where Ryanair (a low cost airline) flights to Milan from  £49.99 return and British Airways from  £628 return. The problem though with Ryanair is that you can find this cheap ticket if you book it about it well in advance. But if you try to book it on the same day before your journey the price has gone up at  £179.99 return when British Airways price will be still remaining the same until a week before your journey. So does it really worth flying with the low cost airlines which offer just a ticket with no allocated seat, no food or drinks and from unfrequented airports when you have a company like British Airways with so much extra for almost the same price? Thats a question that each of as has to answer on his own. Further, international travel tends to be widen over more time than domestic travel, so that the airfare is a smaller proportion of overall trip costs, which makes international travel less sensitive to changes in ticket prices. In addition, leisure travellers are more likely to postpone trips to specific locations in response to higher fares, or to shop around for those locations offering more affordable fares. Consequently, it is expected that the demand for air transport for leisure reasons will be more elastic than business travel who usually travel with FSCs. Acco rding to Anthony et al (2000) Ryan air prices management is systematically offering different prices to different customer segments in response to demand whereas (Kimes, 1989) suggests that the team in charge of yield management need to identify how changes in price will affect their customers. Within the airline industries customer demand may be higher on week ends, during Summer months, or at particular times of a day, (Belobaba, 1987). Managers must be able to forecast time-related demand so that they can make effective pricing and allocation decision to manage the shoulder periods around high demand period. However the corporate business traveller during the week becomes a leisure traveller when on holiday or at week-ends. Different occasion find the same consumer having different expectation and needs, (Buttle, 1986). Such a concept is termed elasticity of demand. According to the Data downloaded from Ryan air website giving on page two of the assignment topic the price of the flight on the day it been downloaded is far more higher than the price of the flight on other following days of the week day. However, when approaching the end of the week-end or school holiday, there is a huge demand and the increased demand drives the price up again as customer are returning from their vacation or family are going on holiday. Closer to the date and time of the scheduled service, the price rises, on the simple justification that consumers demand for a flight becomes more inelastic the nearer to the time of the service. The low cost airlines such as Ryan air follow the pricing strategy outlined above. Customers booking early with carriers such as Ryan air will normally come across lower prices if they are ready to commit themselves to a flight by booking early. This gives the airline the plus of important how full their flights are likely to be and a sou rce of cash-flow in the weeks and months prior to the service being provided. People who book late often regard travel to their planned destination as a need and they are therefore likely to be prepared and able to pay a much higher price very close to departure. Airlines call this price discrimination yield management but despite the consider name, at the heart of this pricing strategy is the straightforward but important concept price elasticity of demand. Ryanair has a seat pricing policy that causes fares to rise as a flight fills up (Ryanair.com, 2010). Following theory of supply and demand, if customer wants a seat so badly, they will pay more for it than otherwise. Income Elasticity of Demand It is defined as numerical values which describe the responsiveness of demand to a change in consumer incomes. (Sloman, 2005) Because of the recession, demand for low cost flights grew rapidly as family with higher income who were travelling with FSCs before would prefer low cost than traditional airlines and some current low cost customer with low income may prefer domestic flight or would just prefer not to travel by air. However, since elasticity is measuring proportionate change, elasticity values will change along almost all demand functions, including linear demand curves. Estimation of elasticity values is therefore most useful for predicting demand responses in the vicinity of the observed price changes. As a related issue, we recognize that in markets where price discrimination is possible comprehensive data will not allow for accurate predictions of demand responses in the relevant market segments. In air travel, FSCs are essentially joint products consisting of differentiated service bundles that are identified by fare classes. However the yield management systems employed by FSCs also create a complex form of inter-temporal price discrimination, in which some fares (typically economy class) decline and some increase (typically full-fare business class) as the departure date draws closer. This implies that ideally, empirical studies of air travel demand should separate business and leisure t ravellers or at least be able to include some information on booking times in order to account for this price discrimination, and that price data should be calibrated for inter-temporal price discrimination: for example, the use of full-fare economy class ticket prices as data will overestimate the absolute value of the price elasticity coefficient. Within the set of differentiated service bundles that comprise each (joint product) flight, the relative prices are important in explaining the relative ease of substitution between service classes. Given the nature of inter-temporal price discrimination for flights, the relative price could also change significantly in the time period prior to a departure time. In particular changes in real income and the prices of substitutes or complements will affect demand. Alternative transportation modes (road and rail) are important variables for short-haul flights, while income effects should be measured for both short and long-haul. Oum et al. (1992) provide valuable tools that occur when evaluating the demand models. Air travel demand can be affected by changes in the prices and service quality of other modes. For short-haul routes (markets) the relative price and service attributes of auto and train would need to be included in any model; particularly for short-haul markets such as low cost airline. Failure to include the price and service attributes of substitutes will bias the elasticity. For example, if airfares increase and auto costs are also increasing, the airfare elasticity would be overestimated if auto costs were excluded. The entry of low cost carriers leads to lower fares for a subset of traffic and competitors will offer a supply of seats to match these fares. Lower average fares should lead to lower demand elasticity estimates, while increases in the number of competitors in the market will lead to higher demand elasticity estimates. 2. How ‘low cost carriers such as Ryan air able to achieve cost savings? Fixed Costs and Variable Costs. Ryan airs business model is focus around its general low cost philosophy. That is Ryan air attempts to cut all non value adding activities as it strives to drive costs down to the total minimum. Below are typical examples how it drives its downwards which include selling directly to its customer over the internet or over the phone rather than via agents and middlemen, thus saving commission cost and administrative cost. Ryan air is a ticketless as most of it customer buy over the internet, in return for a booking reference that is exchanged at the checking counter at the airport for a boarding pass. The airline has no in flight meals which is a cost saving measure that cannot be much inconvenience to its customer since all Ryan air flights are short haul. Nevertheless has subcontracted catering services on its flights where customer can buy an in flight meal and drink should they wish which is another way of driving price. Cabin crew double up as cleaner and this helps Ryan air to promise a turnaround time at any airport of 30 min rather than 45-60 min that has FSCs been the norm. Another cost cutting device, is the typical example of the UK smaller airports such as London Luton, cheaper to fly to from than bigger airports such as Heathrow which it is use at least as its base as they are less congestion and facilitate turnaround times for aircraft to be a lot shorter. Fixed Costs Fixed Costs are defined as the Total costs that do not vary with the amount of output produced (John, S. 2005:82) Ryan air as a LCC operate in the environment of high fixed cost, fixed capacity in the short term, a perishable product and seasonal demand. Virtually all of airlines costs can be considered fixed. The cost of the capital tied up in the plane, the fuel it take to fly the route, the crew it will take to staff the ground and flight operations insurance, rent, etc†¦ All these cost are fixed once the company decides to fly a particular route and the variable costs associated with serving another passenger on the flight are figure lively peanuts. Ryan air generates sufficient revenue through ancillary services such as car rentals, accommodation, currency, travel insurance, transactions, refreshments, to cover variable costs and offset at least some fixed cost. Management believes that providing these services through the internet allows Ryan air to increase sales, while at the same time reducing costs on a per unit basis. Variable Costs Variable Costs are defined as the total costs that do vary with the amount of output produced (Sloman, 2005: 82) The relatively low variable costs associated with many capacity- constrained Ryan air allow for some pricing flexibility and give operators the options of reducing pricing during low demand times. Ryan air always seeks for low variable costs. Below are factors that help Ryanair to maintain a low variable cost: * One type of aircraft, management believes that its strategy of limiting its fleet primarily to three variants of a single type of aircraft from a single manufacturer enables it to limit the costs associated with personnel training, maintenance and the purchase and storage of spare parts, as well as affording greater flexibility in the scheduling of crews and equipment. * Pricing is based strictly upon revenue maximization process that matches the aims and objectives of prices elasticity of demand * Internet booking which cut paper and administrative costs * No airport sales offices/ no cancellations * Charging a surplus for excessive baggage * Maximization of seat capacity per plane Use of less expensive airport as ‘Ryan air been offered incentives is a controversial one Ryan air director of communications. Ryan air further endeavours to reduce its airport charges by opting, when practicable, for less expensive gate locations as well as outdoor boarding stairs rather than more expensive jet ways. Ryan air has entered into in agreements on competitive terms with third party contractors at certain airports for traveller and aircraft handling, ticketing and other services that management believes can be more cost resourcefully provided by third parties. Management attempts to obtain competitive rates for such services by negotiating multi-year contracts at prices that are fixed or subject only to periodic increases related to inflation. One of the typical example is the price of aviation fuel which is directly related to the cost of oil but Ryan air control this through hedging. All these factors listed above contributed to a low variable cost of Ryan air, a key component in any successful yield management system and provide an opportunity for leverage against its major competitors. 3. Critical analysis of the issues involved in the following article: ‘BAA Airports: Notice of release of interim undertaking Bibliography

Vegetarian Diets Essay examples -- Healthy Lifestyle Essay

Growing up in India, I have heard much about vegan diets. Many people take on vegetarian diets due to religious beliefs, personal interest, ethical issues, and many other reasons. So what exactly is a vegetarian diet? Is it better for the body? Vegetarian diets can provide the necessary nutrients; as well, as reduce the likelihood of chronic diseases caused by unhealthful diet; however, if the food intake is not closely monitored it can lead to deficiencies. Then the question becomes, if vegetarian diets are better, then why exactly do we need meat products in our diet? In this research paper, I want explore the pro and cons of vegetarian diet and its implications. The vegetarian society defines a vegetarian as one who consumes predominantly fruits, vegetables, grains and plant products without eating animal products such as meat, fish, poultry (â€Å"Vegetarian society†). Although vegetarians are defined as those who do not consume animal products, there are different levels of vegetarianism: semi-vegetarian, pescovegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, lacto vegetarian, ovovegetarian, strict vegetarian, macrobiotic diet, and fruitarian. The level of strictness in food intake varies with each type of diet that it becomes harder for the person to acquire the daily requirements of nutrients. Semi-vegetarian is also known as Flexitarian. This type of vegetarian consumes a large amount of plant products, eggs, dairy items and from time to time eat red meat, poultry, at times even fish (Thompson, Manore, Vaughan, 2011 pg. 223). A flexitarian as the name sounds does not give up meat completely but they take on this diet because they have become more conscientious of their health and the ecology. Since they are not completely limiting an... ...Based on research, it seems that all vegetarian diets other than strict vegetarian, macrobiotic diets and fruitarian diet provide the body with essential proteins derived from animal products. In any type of diet, the individual must follow the requirements in order for it to have good benefits to health. References Becoming a vegetarian. (2009). Harvard Women's Health Watch, 17(2), 4-6. "Lacto Ovo Vegetarian Diets." Lacto Diets, Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarian Diet. Retrieved on March 25, 2012. http://www.dentedafrique.org/diets_lacto.html. MacMunn, A., & O'Malley, R. (2009). Eat right. Retrieved March 25, 2012 from http://www.eatright.org/Media/content.aspx?id=1233 Thompson, Manore, Vaughan, 2011. The Science of Nutrition. Benjamin Cumming, San Francisco. Vegetarian society. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2012 from http://www.vegsoc.org/page.aspx?pid=508

Hope Is the Thing with Feathers Meaning

â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers by Emily Dickinson â€Å"Hope† is the thing with feathers That perches in the soul†¦.. And sings the tune without the words†¦.. And never stops†¦. at all†¦. And sweetest†¦ in the Gale†¦. is heard†¦ And sore must be the storm That could abash the little Bird That kept so many warm I’ve heard it in the chillest land†¦ And on the strangest Sea Yet, never, in Extremity It asked a crumb †¦. of Me Dickinson defines hope by comparing it to a bird (a metaphor) . Stanza one Hope is a â€Å"thing† because it is a feeling; the thing/feeling is like a bird.Dickinson uses the standard dictionary format for a definition; first she places the word in a general category (â€Å"thing†), and then she differentiates it from everything else in that category. For instance, the definition of a cat would run something like this: a cat is a mammal (the first part of the definition places it in a category); the rest of the definition would be â€Å"which is nocturnal, fur-bearing, hunts at night, has pointed ears, etc. (the second part of the definition differentiates the cat from other all mammals). How would hope â€Å"perch,† and why does it perch in the soul?As you read this poem, keep in mind that the subject is hope and that the bird metaphor is only defining hope. Whatever is being said of the bird applies to hope, and the application to hope is Dickinson's point in this poem. The bird â€Å"sings. † Is this a good or a bad thing? The tune is â€Å"without words. † Is hope a matter of words, or is it a feeling about the future, a feeling which consists both of desire and expectation? Psychologically, is it true that hope never fails us, that hope is always possible? Stanza two Why is hope â€Å"sweetest† during a storm?When do we most need hope, when things are going well or when they are going badly? Sore is being used in the sense of very great or severe; abash means to make ashamed, embarrassed, or self-conscious. Essentially only the most extreme or impossible-to-escape storm would affect the bird/hope. If the bird is â€Å"abashed† what would happen to the individual's hope? In a storm, would being â€Å"kept warm† be a plus or a minus, an advantage or a disadvantage? Stanza three What kind of place would â€Å"chillest† land be? Would you want to vacation there, for instance? Yet in this coldest land, hope kept the individual warm.Is keeping the speaker warm a desirable or an undesirable act in these circumstances? Is â€Å"the strangest sea† a desirable or undesirable place to be? Would you need hope there? The bird, faithful and unabashed, follows and sings to the speaker (â€Å"I've heard it†) under the worst, the most threatening of circumstances. The last two lines are introduced by â€Å"Yet. † What kind of connection does â€Å"yet† establish with th e preceding ideas/stanzas? Does it lead you to expect similarity, contrast, an example, an irrelevancy, a joke? Even in the most critical circumstances the bird never asked for even a â€Å"crumb† in return for its support.What are the associations with â€Å"crumb†? would you be satisfied if your employer offered you â€Å"a crumb† in payment for your work? Also, is â€Å"a crumb† appropriate for a bird? Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Hope is the Thing With Feathers,† is the VI part of a much larger poem called â€Å"Life. † The poem examines the abstract idea of hope in the free spirit of a bird. Dickinson uses imagery, metaphor, to help describe why â€Å"Hope is the Thing With Feathers. † In the first stanza, â€Å"Hope is the Thing With Feathers,† Dickinson uses the metaphorical image of a bird to describe the abstract idea of hope.Hope, of course, is not an animate thing, it is inanimate, but by giving hope feathers, she begins to create an image hope in our minds. The imagery of feathers conjures up hope in itself. Feathers represent hope because feathers enable you to fly and offer the image of flying away to a new hope, a new beginning. In contrast, broken feathers or a broken wing grounds a person, and conjures up the image of needy person who has been beaten down by life. Their wings have been broken and they no longer have the power to hope. In the second stanza, â€Å"That perches in the soul,† Dickinson continues to use the imagery of a bird to describe hope.Hope, she is implying, perches or roosts in our soul. The soul is the home for hope. It can also be seen as a metaphor. Hope rests in our soul the way a bird rests on its perch. In the third and fourth stanzas, Ads by Google| Famous Haiku Poems  Ã‚  Haiku Poetry  Ã‚  Flying Birds  Ã‚  Examples of Poems| | And sings the tune without the words And never stops at all. Dickinson uses the imagery of a bird’s continuous son g to represent eternal hope. Birds never stop singing their song of hope. The fifth stanza â€Å"And sweetest in the gale is heard† describes the bird’s song of hope as sweetest in the wind.It conjures up images of a bird’s song of hope whistling above the sound of gale force winds and offering the promise that soon the storm will end. Dickinson uses the next three lines to metaphorically describe what a person who destroys hope feels like. And sore must be the storm That could abash the little bird That kept so many warm. A person who destroys hope with a storm of anger and negativity feels the pain they cause in others. Dickinson uses a powerful image of a person abashing the bird of hope that gives comfort and warmth for so many.The destroyer of hope causes pain and soreness that hurts them the most. In the first line of the last set of stanzas â€Å"I’ve heard it in the chillest lands,† Dickinson offers the reader another reason to have hope. I t is heard even in the coldest, saddest lands. Hope is eternal and everywhere. The birds song of hope is even heard â€Å"And on the strangest sea. † Hope exists for everyone. In the last two lines, Dickinson informs us that the bird of hope asks for no favor or price in return for its sweet song. Yet never in extremity, It asked a crumb of me. Hope is a free gift.It exists for all of us. All we must do is not clip the wings of hope and let it fly and sing freely. Its song can be heard over the strangest seas, coldest lands, and in the worst storms. It is a song that never ends as long as we do not let it. This is the only poem of hers that does not stress the mental anguish of the poet. The only one. You can disagree. Great use of metaphors much like the feathers on a bird hope insulates us from some of the harsher realities of life! suggests hope is universal when talks about birds song without words hope is common to all people and all times†¦ Louise Posted on 2009-09 -28 | by a guest .: ah interesting :. I interperted the poem more as a reference. The hope can stand through much more hardship than the people themselves, but hope doesn't react as the way a bird would. A bird would sink into a slump, or fly from the complication, whereas hope would continue to be precious, reasuring the being and coaching its continuation. | Posted on 2008-03-10 | by a guest .: ah interesting :. I interperted the poem more as a reference. The hope can stand through much more hardship than the people themselves, but hope doesn't react as the way a bird would.A bird would sink into a slump, or fly from the complication, whereas hope would continue to be precious, reasuring the being and coaching its continuation. | Posted on 2008-03-10 | by a guest .: :. Dickinson defines hope with a metaphor, comparing it to a bird. Dickinson introduces her metaphor in the first two lines, â€Å"Hope is the thing with feathers/That perches in the soul. † Throughout the entir e poem, this metaphor develops through Dickinson’s comparison of characteristics between hope and a bird, whatever is being said of the bird applies to hope, and the application to hope is Dickinson's point in this poem.It is obvious that a bird â€Å"sings the tune,† but Emily’s version of a bird, â€Å"sings a tune—without the words, and never stops at all. † In the soul where this bird has perched on, sings wordlessly and without pause. Like the bird, hope comes from one’s soul, and â€Å"never stops at all,† meaning that an individual does not stop hoping. Like the tune without words, hope also is not a matter of words. It is a feeling about the future both of desire and expectation. The development of this metaphor continues as Dickinson describes how the bird reacts to hardships. A storm must be impossibly brutal to â€Å"abash the little bird. The bird continues to survive as it can be found everywhere. The â€Å"chillest lan d† to the â€Å"strangest sea,† symbolizes hope’s presence under the worst and most threatening circumstances. Hope reacts in the same way. For hope to be â€Å"abashed,† â€Å"sore must be the storm,† or fatal must be the hardship. â€Å"That kept so many warm† is an appropriate characteristic of hope and a bird. Similar to a bird’s constant and comforting melodies, hope’s constant reassurance â€Å"has kept so many warm† in times of hardships. | Posted on 2007-02-28 | by a guest .: :. Dickinson defines hope with a metaphor, comparing it to a bird.Dickinson introduces her metaphor in the first two lines, â€Å"Hope is the thing with feathers/That perches in the soul. † Throughout the entire poem, this metaphor develops through Dickinson’s comparison of characteristics between hope and a bird, whatever is being said of the bird applies to hope, and the application to hope is Dickinson's point in this poem. I t is obvious that a bird â€Å"sings the tune,† but Emily’s version of a bird, â€Å"sings a tune—without the words, and never stops at all. † In the soul where this bird has perched on, sings wordlessly and without pause.Like the bird, hope comes from one’s soul, and â€Å"never stops at all,† meaning that an individual does not stop hoping. Like the tune without words, hope also is not a matter of words. It is a feeling about the future both of desire and expectation. The development of this metaphor continues as Dickinson describes how the bird reacts to hardships. A storm must be impossibly brutal to â€Å"abash the little bird. † The bird continues to survive as it can be found everywhere. The â€Å"chillest land† to the â€Å"strangest sea,† symbolizes hope’s presence under the worst and most threatening circumstances.Hope reacts in the same way. For hope to be â€Å"abashed,† â€Å"sore must be the storm,† or fatal must be the hardship. â€Å"That kept so many warm† is an appropriate characteristic of hope and a bird. Similar to a bird’s constant and comforting melodies, hope’s constant reassurance â€Å"has kept so many warm† in times of hardships. | Posted on 2007-02-28 | by a guest Post your Analysis Message This may only be an analysis of the writing. No requests for explanation or general short comments allowed. Due to Spam Posts are moderated before posted.

APA Paper Format

APA Paper Format APA Paper Format APA Paper Format Most of the college papers must be written in APA format. APA format is a generally accepted norm for academic paper formatting. It defines the rules for college paper style: in-text citation references, pagination, margins, etc. In general, APA format requires the following: Use 1 inch margins from all sides of the page. The first page is the title page. The shortened title as well as page numbers placed in upper right corners. The distance is 1 inch from the top of the page and 1inch from the right side. Double-space between the lines. Make references for the list of cited references. The list also should be double-spaced.  It is placed at the end of the college paper writing and it includes the works that you used writing paper. This list should be organized in alphabetical order by the last name of the author. The font size is 12 point. But the requirements of different colleges are diverse that is you may be asked to use 14 point font size for the paper. Do not forget to include an abstract paragraph right after the cover page! No outline is necessary! Paper Editing If you are not sure how to apply APA style to your paper, you may ask for professional paper editing service at site. We can definitely ensure that your paper is edited in proper APA format.   It implies to proper formatting of cover page, abstract, headings, citations, reference list and even page layout.   Paper writing editing is a qualitative assistance.   It means that in addition to corrected format, you will receive free recommendation on how to improve your paper.   Professional editor will highlight the sections of your paper that need improvement or revision.   In addition, editor will tell you why and how to improve your paper.   Thus, you get paper properly formatted in APA plus a detailed recommendation. Editing Paper Service It has never been easier to have your paper refined.   If you seek paper editing service, it means that you care about your grades and you want to ensure that your paper follows APA format.   Our editing prices are low enough to avoid financial burden on you.   APA paper format is not exceptionally difficult to follow; however, it is very easy to get lost in all peculiarities of it.   We are available 24/7 to help.

Appeasement Now and Before essays

Appeasement Now and Before essays Initially reports suggested the North Koreans fired a Daepondong I ballistic missile over Japan into the Pacific. Later State Department bulletins indicated it was merely an attempt to launch a satellite. Any way you look at it, many disturbing questions about American policy toward North Korea and stability on the Korean peninsula are raised. State Department spokesmen said firing a missile over Japan and into the Pacific did not violate a 1994 agreement freezing North Korea's nuclear weapons program, since this was ostensibly a satellite launch. However the failed satellite launch was tracked for 4000 miles into the Pacific Ocean, a range that could make Alaska and Hawaii vulnerable to a North Korean attack. Although it is not easy to determine motives, the launching of this missile may be designed for Iraq, Iran and Pakistan as much as South Korea. As the leading supplier of nuclear technology to rogue states, North Korea depends on these sales for the only hard currency to be found in this largely impoverished nation. The launch also raises the ante in the "international game of chicken." North Korea delivered a message: If the nuclear plants promised by the U.S. are not built soon and if gifts of oil don't arrive, the next missile fired may be more than a mere satellite launch. Within hours of the missile's Pacific splashdown, State Department Asia hands confirmed the need to underwrite the nuclear plants - a decision that prompted the South Korean government to release $4.6 billion to its neighbor to the north. Like much of what occurs in American life at the moment, intimidation even if indirect, is rewarded. The North Koreans may be facing technical problems for a long range missile, such as not having enough propellant for a third stage, but as former Pentagon officials noted this is not an insuperable problem if they are intent on delivering a first strike to noncontiguous parts of the United S ...

Legislation on Cost Containment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legislation on Cost Containment - Essay Example This aspect is particularly relevant to state-level policymaking. No universal cost containment measure is adopted in the United States and, instead, states were free to pursue their own models, tailored according to their specific needs, targets and circumstance (e.g. political and economic). This is not really surprising because: 1) states have been active players in health reform; and, 2) the health reform law is full of state obligations as well as opportunities for state innovation (Teitelbaum, and Wilensky, 2012, p.180). Back in 2003, the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) Standing Committee released a white paper outlining possible cost saving ideas that state legislators could enact. These were composed of many possible ideas classified into nine categories, which include: direct cost containment; prescription drug ideas; cost shifting ideas; workforce expansion; health insurance reform; subsidy and uninsured care; medical error and medical malpractice; preventive and public health ideas; and, Medicaid ideas. The ideas were numerous and many states, thereafter, adopted an idea, a part of some or a combination of ideas for their own cost containment initiatives. One of the most important of these ideas, in my opinion, is that framework that seeks to cut cost by addressing medical errors and medical malpractice. In the NCSL (2003) compilation, initiatives within this cost containment classification include the legislation of laws that will ensure the regulation of the payment for damages (VII-1); the elimination of frivolous lawsuits (VII-2); as well as the establishment of mechanisms to ensure quality and compliance to health and safety standards (VII-4, VII-5, V-II-6). The NCSL has provided a lean list of ideas in this particular area. But I think that this is one of the most viable models that could easily pass the process of legislation. In policymaking, public opinion is

A number of different background factors have been seen to affect Essay

A number of different background factors have been seen to affect successful performance in Higher Education (HE). Identify one - Essay Example Age of students is yet another factor which has been found to be highly correlated with students’ performance in undergrad programs (Barrow et al., 2009). In the context of institutions whose population is skewed towards mature adult students, there is a strong linkage between the percentage of mature students and their non-completion percentages (Barrow et al., 2009). The main reason for this the diversity of entry routes employed by these students when they enroll into an undergrad program (Barrow et al., 2009). Interestingly, mature strata of students are found to have achieved better grades than their non-mature counterparts. Similarly, the relationship of socio-economic class and ethnicity with entry route also presumes much importance in research literature (Barrow et al., 2009). This is attributed to lower standards of pre entry qualifications of ethnic minorities, particularly those from overseas. There is, however, a large section of this relationship that remains une xplained. Perhaps, one of the most significant factors affecting higher education is gender. Research demonstrates that a larger percentage of female undergraduate students successfully achieve ‘good’ degrees (either a first or a II: i) compared to their male counterparts (Barrow et al., 2009).

Johanine community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Johanine community - Essay Example Moreover, the Gospel also revealed that Jesus is the replica of God. In this respect, the Johannine community comprised Christians worshipping Jesus as the Messiah and following the preachments made by John through the Gospel and the Epistles (Brown 13-24). The Gospel of John lacked information about Ecclesiology, which created an issue amid Christians representing Johannine community, as Johannine theology failed in describing the concept of God. Another crucial issue faced by the Johannine community was to determine whether the opposing statements identified in the Gospel of John were made to the society as a whole or to any particular religion. Respectively, the scholars and the people faced the issue of interpreting the information about Johannine Ecclesiology. In this context, the study of the book ‘The Community of Beloved Disciples’ written by Robert E. Brown conducted a study about the emergence and the reconstruction of Johannine community, so that the a proper understanding is acquired about the New Testament and the messages depicted in it are delivered successfully to the Christians (Brown 13-24). The Johannine community is developed with different theology presented by Saint John as compared to other disciplines. In this regard, the Christians were seemed to face difficulties in following the Johannine Ecclesiology. In order to possess an in-depth understanding about the emergence as well as the modernization of Christian community, the four phases of Johannine community revealed by Robert E. Brown have been elaborately studied in the following. The different spheres of the Johannine community were assessed from the Gospel and the Epistles of John in order to acquire better understanding about the life and the events of Jesus. An analysis of the four phases of the community had aided in reconstructing the beliefs as well as the theology of the Christians. The four phases have been analyzed

Compare the attitudes to war in the three poems Essay Example for Free

Compare the attitudes to war in the three poems Essay Rule Britannia was written in 1740. The title Rule causes the reader to think that this is a command by God. Rule Britannia is an extremely patriotic poem which creates the image that Britain is the place of the Lord and Britain is the best. This image is implied by: Arose from out the azure land, This was the charter of the land, And guardian angels sung the strain This quotation would make the reader think that Britain was born from the sea, by guardian angels who are the messengers from God. This implies that God created Britain and how it came out from the sea, so we Britain should rule the sea. Another way that the patriotic image is implied is by the chorus: Rule, Britannia, rule the waves; Briton never will be slaves. This leads the reader to think that the British are extremely arrogant, how they think they will never be slaves also how Britain think they are the Gods of the sea. A 21st century reader would of seen this poem as patriotic and arrogant but a person reading this in 1740 would of seen this as true. Britain did rule the sea and the British at the time would have never thought they would be slaves, they thought they were too big and important for that. This poem is very rude about other countries in particular Spain. James Tompson describes other countries as Tyrants, in the context that this word is used it implies that other countries are arrogant harsh arbitrary people, some readers my think that the use of tyrant is referring to these foreigners being criminals. This is another way that the poem shows arrogance, how the Britain is great and how all the other countries are criminals. The writer uses the image of the oak tree to create a patriotic image again: Still more majestic shalt thou rise, More dreadful from each foreign stroke; As the loud blast that tears the skies Serves but to only root thy native oak. What this is saying basically is that every time Britain gets attacked it gets stronger. When an oak tree normally gets hit with thunder of lightning( a metaphor for canon fire from Britains enemys) which is being implied in line three of that quotation you would expect it to get destroyed and split in half. This does not happen though, it just makes Britain stronger. This would create an extremely patriotic image of how Britain is just getting stronger from each attack and how the enemy is never going to destroy Britain. Near the end of this poem another patriotic image is created, and manly hearts to guard the fair. This implies the image that the British guard their women and how the British are true gentlemen. Rule Britannia sees war as a holy thing, war is something that God would not condemn. This is achieved by the chorus Rule, Britannia, rule the waves; this gives the impression that Britain should rule the waves, the word rule is used in an interesting way. When I first read this poem I thought that the word was Royal, as in it was a holy thing. I believe this is a deliberate effect, the word rule is there to make the reader think that Britain should rule the sea but I think it is also there deliberately as a simile to make the reader to think of Royal which would make the reader think that ruling the sea is a command from God. If it was a command from God it would mean that he was telling Britain to rule the sea so fight any wars they need to accomplish this. Rule Britannia is a very confident poem, no where in the poem does doubt creep in. . Rule, Britannia, rule the wave Briton will never be slaves When you read this you see the image of people singing this loud, confident of what they have to do. This implies that this poem is for war, the writer James Tompson implies that war is a jolly thing something that has to be done, this is accomplished by the poem. The chorus of poem is meant to be sung, when I think of singing I associate it with singing things which are right and merry, it is not very often you sing about sad things, when the poem was written James tompson knew this and deliberately made it so the chorus would be sung. In Royal Britannia they poet fails to mention of the negative, he even goes to the extent of saying that war just makes Britain stronger, this can be seen in my third quote on page 1. This helps to build the confidence of the poem because no negatives have been mentioned; this is implying that there are no negative things about war. The charge of the light brigade is very confident on the surface but then some doubt seems to creep in. The crucial line in this poem is Some one had blundered: this line is extremely impersonal. It is the first sign of doubt creeping in. Later on in the charge of the light Brigade the same line is repeated twice, this line is All the world wondered. This line shows that people were question why these men were fighting, what was the point of this. This view of doubt never entered the first poem, it was like everyone was agreed that war was a great thing, in the second poem this doubt comes in and Tennyson is showing that not everyone thinks that war is so glorious. Unlike the Rule Britannia the charge of the light Brigade mentions negative things about war. I believe Tennyson is trying to show the reader that the war is not all great, people do die. As I mentioned before the line about someone blundering is extremely impersonal, this implies to the reader that in war there are no individuals, everyone is just seen as cannon fodder, if you die no one cares. The way the line is said makes this event sound like it happens often, normally when someone blunderers or dies you would be shocked but the way it is said makes it sound like a common event of war, Tennyson has deliberately not used !, I believe this is him trying to show there is no shock. In war there are deaths all the time, it is nothing special I believe this is what the author is trying to show. Rule Britannia sees war something that is necessary, it needs to be done to control the tyrants, without war these criminals would take the seas, Rule Britannia even gives the impression that the ruling the sea is a command from God. The charge of the light brigade is completely opposite to the view that war is backed by God, Tennyson associates war with death, Back from the mouth of Death, this implies that when these men where charging they were going into hell, so they when they fight and have a war they are entering hell, Tennyson is saying that was is thing of the Devil so it is evil. The charge of the light brigade implies that war creates heroes. This can be seen by Stormed at with shot and shell. While horse and hero fell and Honour the charge they made Honour the light Brigade When the soldiers started they were described in a very impersonal way, now they are being described as heroes. This would make the reader think that the poet opinion is that the people who fight in war become heroes. The charge of the light Brigade was written 1854. The word charge implies the image that this attack was very uncontrolled, unorganised attack. The charge of the light Brigade is very confident on the surface but doubt does creep in the further you go in. This poem has a rhyme which imitates horses galloping. All through the charge of the light brigade there are associations with death and the devil, Jaws of hell and Into the valley of Death. The charge of the light Brigade has two endings, the first one was edited so it was suitable for the reader. The ending which is printed in this booklet honours the men who took part in the charge more that the other ending. The second ending describes the actions of the men as bold, this implies that the actions of the men were stupid and not thought out. To be continued.

Healthcare Reform in Vermont

Healthcare Reform in Vermont Vermont is one of the states of the United States and it is found in the region of New England. New England is on the Northeastern side on the United States. Vermont is the 2nd least populous state in the US, and the 6th least extensive. This is the only state in the New England region that does not have a border with the Atlantic Ocean. However, half of its Western border is found within Lake Champlain, and it shares this border with New York. On the south of Vermont lies Massachusetts, while on the east, there is the state of New Hampshire. On the north of Vermont lies the Canadian province of Quebec, while on its east, there is the state of New York. As of July 2013, the census Bureau of the US gives an estimation that the total population of this state of Vermont stood at 626, 630 people (Abrahamsen, 2012). This represented an increase of 0.14%, when compared to the census of 2010. The state of Vermont has an increase in the aging population, and on this basis, there is an increase in the provision of aging health care services within the economy of the state (Abrahamsen, 2012). The Allen Fletcher Health is considered as the biggest private health provider in the state of Vermont, with an employee base of around 7,100 people. As of the year 2010, the entire bill that patients in the hospital paid amounted to 3.76 billion dollars. Currently, 92,000 people have enrolled for the Medicare program. It is important to denote that as of 2011, Medicare was able to spend 740 million dollars on the health care of the state (Deary and sBrown, 2001). The financial capacity of the state is very stable, and it has been able to achieve a balanced budget, since the year 1991 (Deary and sBrown, 2001). The state has an enterprise fund, for purposes of sponsoring activities that would reduce social and economic problems like unemployment, drug abuse, etc. For purposes of understanding the economic strength of Vermont, the state has an individual’s per capita income of 38,306 dollars. On the other hand, the general size of the public sector is 24.3%, when compared to that of the private sector which amounts to 36.6% (Abrahamsen, 2012). Based on these grounds, the private sector is wider than the public sector. The tax system of this state is also favorable, and one of the unleast fair tax structure in the United States. This is because the tax structure gives income tax credit to low waged workers. This is for purposes of ensuring that there is an equitable distribution of resources. Prior Health Reform Policy: One of the health care reforms initiated by the state of Vermont is the Dynasaur programs. This is a program that is funded by the government of Vermont, and was formed in 1989. This program was aimed at providing universal cover to the children of Vermont, and when this was added up by the private insurance individuals that Vermont had, the state was able to ensure universal health coverage of all its children (Deary and Brown, 2001). Because of this policy, the state of Vermont was able to be regarded as having the best health care policies in the US. When this program began in 1989, the objective of the government was to provide health care services to children who were under the ages of six years, and to pregnant women who were unable to afford private health insurance programs. In 1992, the government of Vermont was able to increase the health care coverage of the Dr. Dynasur program. This was to cover children and teenagers who were under the ages of 17 years; this is up from t he previous six years covered by the 1989 Dr. Dynasur plan (Deary and Brown, 2001). The main aim of this policy was to ensure that children and pregnant women are able to access preventive care, and pre-natal health care services. Another important goal of this policy was to ensure that the state government is able to assist families in achieving self-sufficiency, by helping them carter for their medical needs (Abrahamsen, 2012). This was in line with the state’s welfare system that was assisting families that did not receive the welfare money. As discussed earlier, this policy was very efficient, and it resulted in the ranking of Vermont as a state with the best health care policy in the United States. In 2006, the government of Vermont introduced the Catamount Health care policy (Almgren and Lindhorst, 2012). This health care policy targeted people who were not insured by the Medicaid and Medicare policies. The main aim of this policy was to reduce the medical costs suffered by chronic patients. In 2011, the state government of Vermont introduced a new heal th care policy. This health care policy was to create a single health care payer system, under the Green Mountain Care program. The law that enabled the introduction of this policy is the H. 202 law. Under this policy, all citizens of Vermont are required to get a universal health care cover. This policy also helped to improve the technologies used to provide health care services to the citizens of Vermont (Almgren and Lindhorst, 2012). This policy is enacted to replace the system whereby only a segment of the society is able to access insurance health care policies. That is the pregnant women and children covered under Dr. Dynasur insurance plan, and chronic patients who were not covered by Medicaid and Medicare, under the Catamount policy. This policy hasn’t yet achieved efficiency due to a number of problems in its implementation. This is partly due to the passage of the affordable care act, and uncertainties on the methods of financing the program (Deary and Brown, 2001). Outcomes of past reforms: As of the year 2005, the Vermont Public Assets institute and the children’s forum released a report indicating that the minimum wage of Vermont’s public sector was unable to keep up with an increase in the cost of the basic needs of the people of Vermont (Almgren and Lindhorst, 2012). According to this report, the biggest factor that led to an increase in costs of living was the health insurance. This insurance cost doubled for the last five years, and this represented 25% of the house hold expenses (Maclean, 2007). This was during the period of 2003. It is important to denote that during this period, Vermont was implementing the Dr Dynasur insurance policy, which was very effective in catering for the needs of people eligible for the policy. It is very important to understand that the Dr. Dynasur policy was a very effective policy in reducing the health care costs of pregnant women, and children under the ages of 18 years old. For instance, since the introduction of the Dr. Dynasur policy, the Government was able to enroll 90,000 children who were under the federal poverty level (Maxwell, 2012). It is important to understand that the childhood population of Vermont at that time was 150,000 children. 90,000 represent more than half of the total population of Children in Vermont. Based on this ground, this program was able to achieve equity in terms of health insurance coverage (Deary and Brown, 2001). This is because the remaining 60,000 children could afford private insurance cover. However, this policy failed to reduce the insurance costs of all citizens of Vermont (Abrahamsen, 2012). This is because it was discriminatory in nature, because it did not cover the entire population of Vermont; hence an increase to health insurance costs. This is because the people left out in this policy resorted to acquiring private health insurance policies (Maxwell, 2012). On this basis, the Catamount health care policy was introduced in 2006 for purposes of catering for the needs of those people not covered by the Medicaid and Medicare insurance policies (Maclean, 2007). This policy was very effective in reducing the medical costs of people living with chronic diseases. This is because the government of Vermont catered for their needs, through this health care policy (Abrahamsen, 2012). On this basis, the Catamount Health Care policy was able to reduce the health care insurance costs for the citizens of Vermont. By reducing the health care costs of citizens of Vermont, the Catamount Health Care plan was able to fulfill the social welfare policy of Vermont, which is to make it possible for equitable distribution of health care programs (Maxwell, 2012). However, as of 2011, the government of Vermont decided to improve on its health care insurance programs, and hence the creation of the Mountain Care Program. This program is still under the implementation stage, to judge its outcome (Abrahamsen, 2012). This is because of the uncertainties over the funding of the program, and how to integrate the whole program, under the affordable care act. However, the intention of this program is to eliminate medical costs of all citizens of Vermont, irrespective of their social class. This is because it will make it possible for the entire citizens to enroll for an insurance program controlled and funded by the state (Maclean, 2007). Current Steps under ACA: In satisfying the provisions of the Affordable care act, Vermont has initiated a number of policies. One such policy is the introduction of the health insurance exchange. This is the market place for health insurance. Under this health insurance policy, an individual who purchases the policy before the 15th of January, then the person under consideration must enroll for the health care coverage that begins on the 1st of January, if the person purchases the policy on the 15th of February, and then the coverage of the person under consideration begins on the 1st of May (Alker, Brooks and Harbelein, 2014). What this refers is that the coverage normally begins 15 days, after the day of purchase. This policy further goes on to exempt people who have enrolled for the health care coverage before the 1st of May, from paying enrollment fees. By 31st of March 2014, the enrollment of people for this program came to an end, and those not enrolled would be barred from accessing the benefits of health insurance up to November 2014, when the next enrollment begins (Alker, Brooks and Harbelein, 2014). In bringing these services closer to people, the state has established a website referred to as the Vermont Health Connect. This website enables citizens of Vermont to make applications of the insurance policies, compare the prices and plans of various health care policies, etc. It is important to denote that the government of Vermont has shifted the responsibility of managing health insurance to Green Mountain Care Board, established by the 2011, H202 law. Previously, the responsibility of managing insurance health care was undertaken by the Banking, Securities, and Insurance Health Care Administration (Deary and Brown, 2001). The state has also initiated a number of policies in regard to Medicaid under the ACA. For instance in Vermont, any individual making below 139% Federal Poverty Level is eligible for Medicaid. This is under the expansion plan of Vermont in regard to implementing the provisions of the Obama care. It is important to denote that applications are only acceptable through the Health Insurance Exchange that is operated and managed by the Green Mountain Care organization. Under the Medicaid expansion program, there are a number of plans available, and these plans include the bronze, silver, gold, and platinum plans (Maxwell, 2012). The Bronze plan is a low cost plan Medicaid program offered by the government of Vermont. It has a very low actuarial value, and very low premiums. The actuarial value of this plan rests at 60%, and this means that 60% of all medical costs are catered for by insurance companies. The Silver plan on the other hand comes next, in terms of the costs that an insurer has to pay (Alker, Brooks and Harbelein, 2014). The silver plan gives an actuarial value of 70%. This is an indication that 70% of medical costs are catered for by insurance organizations, while 30% is catered for by the individual concerned. This plan is recommended for people who are reasonably healthy, and occasionally use medical services Alker, Brooks and Harbelein, 2014). The Gold plan on the other hand comprises an actuarial value of 80%, and on this basis, 80% of medical costs will be paid by insurance organizations. The beneficiary will therefore pay the remaining 20%. Finally, members holding the platinum plan contribute the highest premium, and it covers 90% of all medical costs incurred by the beneficiary. This plan is suitable to people who are sickly, and of poor health. It is important to denote that health insurers in Vermont are not obligated to offer all these plans, but they are required to offer at minimum, one silver, and one gold plan. Anticipated Effects: There are a number of anticipated outcomes for the enactment of the project under consideration. For example, in Vermont, the policies enacted will lead into an increase in the number of the insured people in the state. This is because the policies of Dr. Dynasur and Catamount policy did not adequately cover all the people in the State. For instance, statistics indicate that Vermont has a total number of 47,000 people who do not have any medical cover. This policy will ensure that these people are eligible for the cover, and hence reducing their medical costs. It is important to denote that this policy will have a lot of outcomes when it comes to Medicaid. For instance, initially, Medicaid had a variety of gaps, in the number of people eligible for enrollment (Alker, Brooks and Harbelein, 2014). This is because eligibility was only restricted to people with disability, low income individuals, children, and the elderly. However, with the expansion of Medicaid to involve other people, Vermont hopes that the policy will lead to an improvement in the medical conditions of its people. This is because there will be an increase in the number of people enrolled into the program. These are people, who were previously not eligible to access the services of Medicaid. Furthermore, with the implementation of this program, chances are high that the living conditions of people will improve (Burkhauser and Lyons, 2011). This is because they will have the capability to save their incomes, and use it for other purposes, other than worrying on how they will pay for their health needs. Chances are also high that there will be a series of innovations, aimed at effectively implementing these policies. Take for instance in Vermont, the state managed to create a website whereby people can apply for the services of Medicaid (Alker, Brooks and Harbelein, 2014). This website is interactive in nature, and it is referred to as Vermont Health Connect. On this basis, it is important to understand that a series of such kind of innovations will occur. This in turn will improve the efficiency of service delivery. Barriers to Reform and Changes: The Health insurance exchanges serve as the main health insurance market places. At a start, these insurance health exchanges will provide insurance cover to people, and business organizations that have an employee base of around 100 people. Federal subsidies will play a great role in minimizing the insurance premiums charged to the middle and lower income people, and insurers will have to meet a variety of conditions set forth by the Federal government (Holtz, 2008). However, there are a number of challenges that the implementation process of these policies will face. One challenge is governing the health insurance exchanges. It might be difficult to govern these health insurance exchanges, and this is because they are new concepts that emerged. However, in managing these health insurance exchanges, there is a need of the state establishing an independent body that is exempted from certain administrative laws, and governmental regulations. The people in charge of governing this agency should be government representatives and representatives of insurance stakeholders, and the consumers in general. Another challenge that comes into place is the issue of high risk customers. These are customers whose health is very bad, and hence insurance providers will always be unwilling to give them insurance cover. The state will have to develop a policy such as subsidizing the premiums paid by these customers, for purposes of helping them access insurance cover. Politics is another serious challenge to the implementation of these policies, and this is because of the differences between the Republicans and democrats on the enactment of the ACA. To address this problem, there is a need of constant communication by the governor of Vermont, highlighting the importance of these policies to its people. References: Abrahamsen, E. (2012). Health insurance issues, challenges and perspectives. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers. Alker, J., Brooks, T., Harbelein, M. (2014). The new state-level health insurance exchanges  that are to be established under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) New York: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured . Almgren, G. R., Lindhorst, T. (2012). The safety-net health care system health care at the  margins. New York, NY: Springer Pub.. Burkhauser, R. V., Lyons, S. (2011). The importance of the meaning and measurement of  affordable in the Affordable Care Act. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Deary, T., Brown, M. (2001). The USA. London: Scholastic. Holtz, C. (2008). Global health care: issues and policies. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Maclean, N. (2007). Distributing health care principles, practices, and policies. Exeter: Imprint Academic. Maxwell, N. L. (2012). The health and wealth of a nation: employer-based health insurance and  the affordable care act. Kalamazoo, Mich.: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.